crs_reports: R49343

Congressional Research Service reports with summaries, authors, and topic classifications.

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R49343 Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2027 Appropriations 2026-09-10T04:00:00Z 2026-09-12T05:08:00Z Active Reports Jim Monke Agriculture Appropriations, Agriculture Budget & Appropriations The Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act (Agriculture appropriations) funds the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)—except for the U.S. Forest Service—and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, in the Department of Health and Human Services). It also carries the funding for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) in alternating fiscal years; jurisdiction for CFTC appropriations is with Agriculture appropriations in the House and a different subcommittee in the Senate. Agriculture appropriations acts include both discretionary and mandatory funding, which differentiates Agriculture appropriations from some other appropriations acts. Congressional debate on appropriations is primarily about discretionary spending. Appropriations for mandatory spending programs, although not usually debated, are necessary to technically make funds available for those programs (e.g., entitlement programs, such as farm safety net and nutrition assistance programs, that were previously enacted under separate budget enforcement procedures). The primary discretionary spending accounts are for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); agricultural research; rural development loans and grants; the FDA; foreign food assistance and trade promotion; farm agency salaries and loans; food safety inspection; animal and plant health programs; and conservation program technical assistance. Below is an overview of the legislative actions and amounts in FY2027 Agriculture appropriations compared with prior years. The Trump Administration released its budget request on April 3, 2026. The Administration proposed $22.055 billion for discretionary appropriations in the jurisdiction of Agriculture appropriations, a reduction of $4.923 billion from FY2026 (-18.2%). The largest reductions would eliminate appropriations for Foreign Agricultural Service Food for Peace (FFP) Title II international food aid grants (-$1.2 billion, -100.0%), the Rural Housing Service (RHS) Community Facilities Program (-$664 million, -100%), the McGovern-Dole Food for Education Program (-$240 million, -100.0%), formula funding for university agricultural research under the Hatch Act (-$265 million, -100.0%), and the Rural Business-Cooperative Service (RBCS, -$81 million, -100.0%) and would reduce Conservation Operations in the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS, -$739 million, -87%), Food and Nutrition Administration Commodity Assistance Programs (-$460 million, -83.5%), Rural Utilities Service (RUS) Rural Water and Waste Disposal Program (-$243 million, -54.6%), and WIC (-$200 million, -2.4%). Accounts proposed for increases include the RHS Rental Assistance Program (+$80 million (+4.7%) and several USDA administrative accounts (+$55 million, +12.5%). The House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies (House Appropriations Agriculture Subcommittee) voted to send a markup to the full committee on April 23, 2026. The House Committee on Appropriations reported a bill (H.R. 8646, H.Rept. 119-632) on April 29. The House passed the bill on June 4. The bill would provide $26.265 billion in discretionary spending, a decrease of about $713 million from FY2026 (-2.6%) on a comparable basis, including the CFTC in FY2026 levels and $4.209 billion more than the Trump Administration’s request. The largest reduction would be from FFP (-$300 million, -25.0%), followed by RHS Community Facilities Grants (-$254 million, -38.3%), WIC (-$200 million, -2.4%), RUS Rural Water and Waste Disposal Program (-$59 million, -13.1%), and NRCS (-$63 million, -7.0%). Accounts proposed for increases include the RHS Rental Assistance Program (+$80 million, +4.7%), RBCS Guaranteed Business and Industry Loans (+$23 million; +148%), Food Safety and Inspection Service (+$11 million, +0.9%), and several USDA administrative accounts. The Senate Appropriations Committee has not marked up a bill for FY2027 Agriculture appropriations. A continuing resolution (P.L. 119-103) was enacted on September 2, 2026, that funds government operations at FY2026 levels until December 11, 2026. https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/R/PDF/R49343/R49343.2.pdf https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/R/HTML/R49343.html

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