treaties: 108-4
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| id | congress | number | title | topic | transmitted_date | in_force_date | countries | index_terms | resolution_text |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 108-4 | 108 | 4 | Protocols to North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on Accession of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia | International Law and Organization | 2003-04-10T00:00:00Z | Slovenia | 108-4, 1949, NATO | <!DOCTYPE html><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"><head><meta name="dc:title" content="[108] TreatyRes. 9 for Treaty Doc.108 - 4" /><meta name="Content-Type" content="application/rtf" /><title>[108] TreatyRes. 9 for Treaty Doc.108 - 4</title></head><body><p>As approved: Resolved (two-thirds of the Senators present concurring therein), </p><p>SECTION 1. SENATE ADVICE AND CONSENT SUBJECT TO DECLARATIONS AND CONDITIONS.</p><p> The Senate advises and consents to the ratification of the Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on the Accession of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia (as defined in section 4(6)), which were opened for signature at Brussels on March 26, 2003, and signed on behalf of the United States of America and other parties to the North Atlantic Treaty, subject to the declarations of section 2 and the conditions of section 3. </p><p>SEC. 2. DECLARATIONS. </p><p> The advice and consent of the Senate to ratification of the Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on the Accession of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia is subject to the following declarations:</p><p>(1) Reaffirmation that United States Membership in NATO Remains a Vital National Security Interest of the United States.–The Senate declares that–</p><p>(A) for more than 50 years the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has served as the preeminent organization to defend the countries in the North Atlantic area against all external threats;</p><p>(B) through common action, the established democracies of North America and Europe that were joined in NATO persevered and prevailed in the task of ensuring the survival of democratic government in Europe and North America throughout the Cold War;</p><p>(C) NATO enhances the security of the United States by embedding European states in a process of cooperative security planning, by preventing the destabilizing re-nationalization of European military policies, and by ensuring an ongoing and direct leadership role for the United States in European security affairs;</p><p>(D) the responsibility and financial burden of defending the democracies of Europe and North America can be more equitably shared through an alliance in which specific obligations and force goals are met by its members;</p><p>(E) the security and prosperity of the United States is enhanced by NATO's collective defense against aggression that may threaten the security of NATO members;</p><p>(F) with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic became members of NATO on March 12, 1999;</p><p>(G) on May 17, 2002, the Senate adopted the Freedom Consolidation Act of 2001 (S. 1572 of the 107th Congress), and President George W. Bush signed that bill into law on June 10, 2002, which “reaffirms support for continued enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Alliance; designates Slovakia for participation in the Partnership for Peace and eligible to receive certain security assistance under the NATO Participation Act of 1994; [and] authorizes specified amounts of security assistance for [fiscal year] 2002 for Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria and Romania”; and</p><p>(H) United States membership in NATO remains a vital national security interest of the United States.</p><p>2) Strategic Rationale for NATO Enlargement.–The Senate finds that–</p><p>(A) notwithstanding the collapse of communism in most of Europe and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the United States and its NATO allies face threats to their stability and territorial integrity;</p><p>(B) an attack against Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, or Slovenia, or their destabilization arising from external subversion, would threaten the stability of Europe and jeopardize vital United States national security interests;</p><p>(C) Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia, having established democratic governments and having demonstrated a willingness to meet all requirements of membership, including those necessary to contribute to the defense of all NATO members, are in a position to further the principles of the North Atlantic Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area; and</p><p>(D) extending NATO membership to Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia will strengthen NATO, enhance security and stability in Central Europe, deter potential aggressors, and advance the interests of the United States and its NATO allies.</p><p>(3) Full Membership for New NATO Members.–The Senate understands that Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia, in becoming NATO members, will have all the rights, obligations, responsibilities, and protections that are afforded to all other NATO members.</p><p>(4) The Importance of European Integration.–</p><p>(A) Sense of the Senate.–It is the sense of the Senate that–</p><p>(i) the central purpose of NATO is to provide for the collective defense of its members;</p><p>(ii) the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe is an institution for the promotion of democracy, the rule of law, crisis prevention, and post-conflict rehabilitation and, as such, is an essential forum for the discussion and resolution of political disputes among European members, Canada, and the United States; and</p><p>(iii) the European Union is an essential organization for the economic, political, and social integration of all qualified European countries into an undivided Europe.</p><p>(B) Policy of the United States.–The policy of the United States is–</p><p>(i) to utilize fully the institutions of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to reach political solutions for disputes in Europe; and</p><p>(ii) to encourage actively the efforts of the European Union to continue to expand its membership, which will help to strengthen the democracies of Central and Eastern Europe.</p><p>(5) Future Consideration of Candidates for Membership in NATO.–</p><p>(A) Senate Findings.–The Senate finds that–</p><p>(i) Article 10 of the North Atlantic Treaty provides that NATO members by unanimous agreement may invite the accession to the North Atlantic Treaty of any other European state in a position to further the principles of the North Atlantic Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area;</p><p>(ii) in its Prague Summit Declaration of November 21, 2002, NATO stated that the Alliance–</p><p>(I)(aa) will keep its door open “to European democracies willing and able to assume the responsibilities and obligations of membership, in accordance with Article 10 of the Washington Treaty'';</p><p>(bb) will keep under review through the Membership Action Plan (MAP) the progress of those democracies, including Albania, Croatia, and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, that seek NATO membership, and continue to use the MAP as the vehicle to measure progress in future rounds of NATO enlargement;</p><p>(cc) will consider the MAP as a means for those nations that seek NATO membership to develop military capabilities to enable such nations to undertake operations ranging from peacekeeping to high-intensity conflict, and help aspirant countries achieve political reform that includes strengthened democratic structures and progress in curbing corruption;</p><p>(dd) concurs that Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia have successfully used the MAP to address issues important to NATO membership; and</p><p>(ee) maintains that the nations invited to join NATO at the Prague Summit “will not be the last''; </p><p>(II)(aa) in response to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, and its subsequent decision to invoke Article 5 of the Washington Treaty, will implement the approved “comprehensive package of measures, based on NATO's Strategic Concept, to strengthen our ability to meet the challenges to the security of our forces, populations and territory, from wherever they may come''; and</p><p>(bb) recognizes that the governments of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia have successfully used the MAP to address important issues and have showed solidarity with the United States after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001;</p><p>(III) will create “. . . a NATO Response Force (NRF) consisting of a technologically advanced, flexible, deployable, interoperable, and sustainable force including land, sea, and air elements ready to move quickly to wherever needed, as decided by the Council''; (IV) will streamline its “military command arrangements'' for “a leaner, more efficient, effective, and deployable command structure, with a view to meeting the operational requirements for the full range of Alliance missions'';</p><p>(V) will “approve the Prague Capabilities Commitment (PCC) as part of the continuing Alliance effort to improve and develop new military capabilities for modern warfare in a high threat environment''; and</p><p>(VI) will “examine options for addressing the increasing missile threat to Alliance territory, forces and populations centres'' and tackle the threat of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by enhancing the role of the WMD Centre within the International Staff;</p><p>(iii) as stated in the Prague Summit Declaration, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia have “demonstrated their commitment to the basic principles and values set out in the Washington Treaty, the ability to contribute to the Alliance's full range of missions including collective defence, and a firm commitment to contribute to stability and security, especially in regions of crisis and conflict'';(iv) Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia have been acting as de facto NATO allies through their contributions and participation in peacekeeping operations in the Balkans, Operation Enduring Freedom, and the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF);</p><p>(v) Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia, together with Albania, Croatia, and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, issued joint statements on November 21, 2002, and February 5, 2003, expressing their support for the international community's efforts to disarm Iraq; and</p><p>(vi) the United States will not support the accession to the North Atlantic Treaty of, or the invitation to begin accession talks with, any European state (other than Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia), unless–</p><p>(I) the President consults with the Senate consistent with Article II, section 2, clause 2 of the Constitution of the United States (relating to the advice and consent of the Senate to the making of treaties); and</p><p>(II) the prospective NATO member can fulfill the obligations and responsibilities of membership, and the inclusion of such state in NATO would serve the overall political and strategic interests of NATO and the United States.</p><p>(B) Requirement for Consensus and Ratification.–The Senate declares that no action or agreement other than a consensus decision by the full membership of NATO, approved by the national procedures of each NATO member, including, in the case of the United States, the requirements of Article II, section 2, clause 2 of the Constitution of the United States (relating to the advice and consent of the Senate to the making of treaties), will constitute a commitment to collective defense and consultations pursuant to Articles 4 and 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty.</p><p>(6) Partnership for Peace.–The Senate declares that– </p><p>(A)(i) the Partnership for Peace between NATO members and the Partnership for Peace countries is an important and enduring complement to NATO in maintaining and enhancing regional security; and</p><p>(ii) the Partnership for Peace has greatly enhanced security and ability throughout the Euro-Atlantic area, with Partnership for Peace countries, especially countries that seek NATO membership, and has encouraged them to strengthen political dialogue with NATO allies and to undertake all efforts to work with NATO allies, as appropriate, in the planning, conduct, and oversight of those activities and projects in which they participate and to which they contribute, including combating terrorism;</p><p>(B) the Partnership for Peace serves a critical role in promoting common objectives of NATO members and the Partnership for Peace countries, including–</p><p>(i) increasing the transparency of national defense planning and budgeting processes;</p><p>(ii) ensuring democratic control of defense forces;</p><p>(iii) maintaining the capability and readiness of Partnership for Peace countries to contribute to operations of the United Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe;</p><p>(iv) developing cooperative military relations with NATO;</p><p>(v) enhancing the interoperability between forces of the Partnership for Peace countries and forces of NATO members; and</p><p>(vi) facilitating cooperation of NATO members with countries from Central Asia, the Caucasus, and eastern and southeastern Europe.</p><p>(7) The NATO-Russia Council.–The Senate declares that–</p><p>(A) it is in the interest of the United States for NATO to continue to develop a new and constructive relationship with the Russian Federation as the Russian Federation pursues democratization, market reforms, and peaceful relations with its neighbors; and</p><p>(B) the NATO-Russia Council, established by the Heads of State and Government of NATO and the Russian Federation on May 28, 2002, will–</p><p>(i) provide an important forum for strengthening peace and security in the Euro-Atlantic area, and where appropriate for consensus building, consultations, joint decisions, and joint actions;</p><p>(ii) permit the members of NATO and Russia to work as equal partners in areas of common interest;</p><p>(iii) participate in joint decisions and joint actions only after NATO members have consulted, in advance, among themselves about what degree any issue should be subject to the NATO-Russia Council;</p><p>(iv) not provide the Russian Federation with a voice or veto in NATO's decisions or freedom of action through the North Atlantic Council, the Defense Planning Committee, or the Nuclear Planning Committee; and</p><p>(v) not provide the Russian Federation with a veto over NATO policy.</p><p>(8) Compensation for Victims of the Holocaust and of Communism.–The Senate finds that–</p><p>(A) individuals and communal entities whose property was seized during the Holocaust or the communist period should receive appropriate compensations;</p><p>(B) Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia have put in place publicly declared mechanisms for compensation for property confiscated during the Holocaust and the communist era, including the passage of statutes, and for the opening of archives and public reckoning with the past;</p><p>(C) Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia have each adjudicated and resolved numerous specific claims for compensation for property confiscated during the Holocaust or the communist era over the past several years;</p><p>(D) Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia have each established active historical commissions or other bodies to study and report on their government's and society's role in the Holocaust or the communist era; and</p><p>(E) the governments of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia have made clear their openness to active dialogue with other governments, including the United States Government, and with nongovernmental organizations, on coming to grips with the past.</p><p>(9) Treaty Interpretation.–The Senate reaffirms condition (8) of the resolution of ratification of the Document Agreed Among the States Parties to the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) of November 19, 1990 (adopted at Vienna on May 31, 1996), approved by the Senate on May 14, 1997, relating to condition (1) of the resolution of ratification of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty approved by the Senate on May 27, 1988.</p><p>(10) Consideration of Certain Issues withRespect to NATO Decision-making and Member Ship.–</p><p>(A) Sense of the Senate.– It is the sense of the Senate that, not later than the date that is eighteen months after the date of the adoption of this resolution, the President should place on the agenda for discussions at the North Atlantic Council – </p><p>(i) the NATO “consensus rule”; and</p><p>(ii) the merits of establishing a process for suspending the membership inNATO of a member country that no longer complies with the NATO principles of democracy, individual liberty, and the rule of law set forth in the preamble to the North Atlantic Treaty. </p><p>(B) Report.– Not later than 60 days after the discussion at the North Atlantic Council of each of the issues described in clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A), the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that describes– </p><p>(i) the steps the United States has taken to place these issues on the agenda for discussion at the North Atlantic Council;</p><p>(ii) the views of the United States on these issues as communicated to the North Atlantic Council by the representatives of the United States to the Council;</p><p>(iii) the discussion of these issues at the North Atlantic Council, including any decision that has been reached with respect to the issues:</p><p>(iv) methods to provide more flexibility to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe to plan potential contingency operations before the formal approval of such planning by the North Atlantic Council; and</p><p>(v) methods to streamline the process by which NATO makes decisions with respect to conducting military campaigns.</p><p>SEC. 3. CONDITIONS.</p><p> The advice and consent of the Senate to the ratification of the Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on the Accession of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia is subject to the following conditions, which shall be binding upon the President:</p><p>(1) Costs, Benefits, Burden-sharing, and Military Implications of the Enlargement of NATO–</p><p>(A) Presidential Certification.–Prior to the deposit of the United States instrument of ratification, the President shall certify to the Senate that–</p><p>(i) the inclusion of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia in NATO will not have the effect of increasing the overall percentage share of the United States in the common budgets of NATO; and</p><p>(ii) the inclusion of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia in NATO does not detract from the ability of the United States to meet or to fund its military requirements outside the North Atlantic area.</p><p>(B) Annual Reports.–Not later than April 1 of each year during the 3-year period following the date of entry into force of the Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on the Accession of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report, which may be submitted in an unclassified and classified form, and which shall contain the following information:</p><p>(i) The amount contributed to the common budgets of NATO by each NATO member during the preceding calendar year.</p><p>(ii) The proportional share assigned to, and paid by, each NATO member under NATO's cost-sharing arrangements.</p><p>(iii) The national defense budget of each NATO member, the steps taken by each NATO member to meet NATO force goals, and the adequacy of the national defense budget of each NATO member in meeting common defense and security obligations.</p><p>(C) Reports on Future Enlargement of NATO.–</p><p>(i) Reports Prior to Commencement of Accession Talks.– Prior to any decision by the North Atlantic Council to invite any country (other than Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia) to begin accession talks with NATO, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a detailed report regarding each country being actively considered for NATO membership, including–</p><p>(I) an evaluation of how that country will further the principles of the North Atlantic Treaty and contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area;</p><p>(II) an evaluation of the eligibility of that country for membership based on the principles and criteria identified by NATO and the United States, including the military readiness of that country;</p><p>(III) an explanation of how an invitation to that country would affect the national security interests of the United States;</p><p>(IV) a United States Government analysis of the common-funded military requirements and costs associated with integrating that country into NATO, and an analysis of the shares of those costs to be borne by NATO members, including the United States; and</p><p>(V) a preliminary analysis of the implications for the United States defense budget and other United States budgets of integrating that country into NATO.</p><p>(ii) Updated Reports Prior to Signing Protocols of Accession.–Prior to the signing of any protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the accession of any country, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report, in classified and unclassified forms–</p><p>(I) updating the information contained in the report required under clause (i) with respect to that country; and</p><p>(II) including an analysis of that country's ability to meet the full range of the financial burdens of NATO membership, and the likely impact upon the military effectiveness of NATO of the country invited for accession talks, if the country were to be admitted to NATO.</p><p>(D) Review and Reports by the General Accounting Office.– The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a review and assessment of the evaluations and analyses contained in all reports submitted under subparagraph (C) and, not later than 90 days after the date of submission of any report under subparagraph (C)(ii), shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees setting forth the assessment resulting from that review.</p><p>(2) Reports on Intelligence Matters.–</p><p>(A) Progress Report.–Not later than January 1, 2004, the President shall submit a report to the congressional intelligence committees on the progress of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia in satisfying the security sector and security vetting requirements for membership in NATO.</p><p>(B) Reports Regarding Protection of Intelligence Sources and Methods.–Not later than January 1, 2004, and again not later than the date that is 90 days after the date of accession to the North Atlantic Treaty by Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia, the Director of Central Intelligence shall submit a detailed report to the congressional intelligence committees–</p><p>(i) identifying the latest procedures and requirements established by Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia for the protection of intelligence sources and methods; and</p><p>(ii) including an assessment of how the overall procedures and requirements of such countries for the protection of intelligence sources and methods compare with the procedures and requirements of other NATO members for the protection of intelligence sources and methods.</p><p>(C) Definitions.–In this paragraph:</p><p>(i) Congressional Intelligence Committees.–The term “congressional intelligence committees'' means the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.</p><p>(ii) Date of Accession to the North Atlantic Treaty by Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia.–The term “date of accession to the North Atlantic Treaty by Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia'' means the latest of the following dates:</p><p>(I) The date on which Bulgaria accedes to the North Atlantic Treaty.</p><p>(II) The date on which Estonia accedes to the North Atlantic Treaty.</p><p>(III) The date on which Latvia accedes to the North Atlantic Treaty.</p><p>(IV) The date on which Lithuania accedes to the North Atlantic Treaty.</p><p>(V) The date on which Romania accedes to the North Atlantic Treaty.</p><p>(VI) The date on which Slovakia accedes to the North Atlantic Treaty.</p><p>(VII) The date on which Slovenia accedes to the North Atlantic Treaty. </p><p>(3) Requirement of Full Cooperation With United States Efforts to Obtain the Fullest Possible Accounting of Captured and Missing United States Personnel From Past Military Conflicts or Cold War Incidents.–Prior to the deposit of the United States instrument of ratification, the President shall certify to Congress that each of the governments of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia are fully cooperating with United States efforts to obtain the fullest possible accounting of captured or missing United States personnel from past military conflicts or Cold War incidents, to include–</p><p>(A) facilitating full access to relevant archival material; and</p><p>(B) identifying individuals who may possess knowledge relative to captured or missing United States personnel, and encouraging such individuals to speak with United States Government officials.</p><p>SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.</p><p> In this resolution:</p><p>(1) Appropriate Congressional Committees.–The term “appropriate congressional committees'' means the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.</p><p>(2) NATO.–The term “NATO'' means the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.</p><p>(3) NATO Members.–The term “NATO members'' means all countries that are parties to the North Atlantic Treaty.</p><p>(4) North Atlantic Area.–The term “North Atlantic area'' means the area covered by Article 6 of the North Atlantic Treaty, as applied by the North Atlantic Council.</p><p>(5) North Atlantic Treaty.–The term “North Atlantic Treaty'' means the North Atlantic Treaty, signed at Washington on April 4, 1949 (63 Stat. 2241; TIAS 1964), as amended.</p><p>(6) Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on the Accession of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia.–The term “Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on the Accession of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia'' refers to the following protocols transmitted by the President to the Senate on April 10, 2003 (Treaty Document No. 108-4):</p><p>(A) The Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Republic of Bulgaria, signed at Brussels on March 26, 2003.</p><p>(B) The Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Republic of Estonia, signed at Brussels on March 26, 2003.</p><p>(C) The Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Republic of Latvia, signed at Brussels on March 26, 2003.</p><p>(D) The Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Republic of Lithuania, signed at Brussels on March 26, 2003.</p><p>(E) The Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Republic of Romania, signed at Brussels on March 26, 2003.</p><p>(F) The Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Republic of Slovakia, signed at Brussels on March 26, 2003.</p><p>(G) The Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Republic of Slovenia, signed at Brussels on March 26, 2003.</p><p>(7) United States Instrument of Ratification.–The term “United States instrument of ratification'' means the instrument of ratification of the United States of the Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on the Accession of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia.</p><p>(8) Washington Treaty.–The term “Washington Treaty'' means the North Atlantic Treaty, signed at Washington on April 4, 1949 (63 Stat. 2241; TIAS 1964), as amended. </p><p></p></body></html> |
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